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KMID : 1143420170100360976
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Public Health Weekly Report
2017 Volume.10 No. 36 p.976 ~ p.981
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Current development status of botulism therapeutics
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Jeon Jun-Ho
Chun Jeong-Hoon
Choi Myung-Min
Rhie Gi-Eun
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Abstract
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Botulism is a serious disease caused by neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum which is an anaerobic, Gram positive, spore-forming bacterium. The botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most toxic substances known to humankind, which causes muscle paralysis by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from motor nerves. There are seven types of BoNTs (classified A-G) designated as a Tier 1 Select Agent by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because of their high toxicity and ease of production.
Clostridium botulinum and botulism are also respectively designated as high-risk pathogens and bioterrorism diseases according to the Korea Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act. Presently, there are no effective BoNT therapeutics available against botulism except for equine antitoxins. Numerous efforts for the development of botulism therapeutics have been made over the past decade. In this report, we provide a summary of current development status of botulism antidotes against BoNTs reported to date. Specific inhibitors for the major steps involved in BoNT’s mechanism of action are discussed, including antitoxin antibodies, peptidic and non-peptidic small molecules, inhibitors against the endopeptidase activity.
Although botulism therapeutic candidates currently possess limited effectiveness, sustained efforts are needed to develop more effective therapeutics against botulism through multidisciplinary approach.
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